Water is very important component in many coatings: water-soluble, water-thinnable, water dispersing, water emulsion. History, applications and some problems are consideration in this article

Colored synthetic resins obtained by grinding resin and pigments (dyes) in ball mills have low light resistance and are characterized by migration of pigment to the surface. To obtain them, a large amount of pigment (dye) is required. Much better performance is typical for structurally colored resins in which the dye or pigment is chemically bonded to the polymer macromolecule. In this paper, the possibility of obtaining colored decorative paints based on structurally colored binders, which were obtained by joint polycondensation of diphenylolpropane, epichlorohydrin and small amounts (0.1–0.5% by weight) of glycidyl esters of 1-aminoanthraquinone (GEAA) or diglycidyl ether of 1.5-diaminoanthraquinone (DGEAA), is considered.

Glycidyl esters of aminoanthraquinone (GEAA and DGEAA) were synthesized by the N-alkylation of 1-aminoanthraquinone or 1.5-diaminoanthraquinone with epichlorohydrin.

The resulting structurally colored oligomers are viscous liquids with a molecular weight from 400 to 700 (cryoscopy in benzene), colored from orange to red.

Structurally colored epoxy oligomers are characterized by intense coloring, high light resistance while maintaining good mechanical properties.

Current trends in the development and application of UV-curable acrylic urethane film-forming materials are summarized. Examples of the most promising technologies for producing coatings using radiation polymerization are given. Technical solutions and technologies for using new photoinitiators and monomers to improve the protective and physical-mechanical characteristics of UV-curable acrylic urethane film-forming coatings are presented.

The chemical principles of the epoxidation process of various oligomers and polymers have been studied. The most promising technologies for producing film formers by epoxidation are considered. Examples of the use of catalytic complexes for this process are translated. The mechanisms for improving the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy film formers have been studied. Ways to develop a new technology for the epoxidation of diene resins are outlined.

The work presents the full cycle of development of an interoperable zinc-containing primer based on two epoxy resins with different molecular weights: from selecting components to determining the properties of the formed coatings. The main physical and mechanical properties of the resulting coatings are presented, as well as the results of welding tests.

The adsorption of special additives containing different functional groups: acidic (No. 1), basic (No. 2) and quaternary ammonium (No. 3) from solutions in xylene was studied on carbon black samples used in the domestic coatings industry.

According to the size of the specific surface S, the studied samples are divided into mesoporous (S < 400 m²/g) and microporous (S > 400 m²/g). The shape of the adsorption isotherms of the studied mesoporous carbon black belongs to type IV and V according to the classification of Brunauer, Emmet and Teller, and microporous to type I. For mesoporous carbon black, the adsorption value in the monolayer of the main additive No. 2 is greater than additives No. 1 and No. 3, the adsorption of which practically does not differ. The adsorption values of additives No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 in a monolayer on the surface of these carbon black are 10 times less than on the surface of TiO₂. Thus, in the case of carbon black, adsorption is due only to dispersion interactions. The Аm areas occupied by the molecules of additive No. 2 in a dense monolayer on the surface of mesoporous carbon black are calculated.

The Аm values determined from the experimental isotherms significantly exceed the А_m value calculated theoretically, which is explained by the high degree of porosity of the studied carbon black and the inaccessibility of most pores to adsorbate molecules. Monolayer thicknesses for additive No. 2 and cylindrical pore radii were calculated for mesoporous carbon black. The maximum value of adsorption corresponds to the completion of polymolecular adsorption and filling of pores by the mechanism of capillary condensation.

In accordance with the Gurvich rule, the volume of pores available for the studied additives was determined for mesoporous carbon black. In the case of microporous samples, the adsorption value of additives is several times greater. However, the adsorption per surface unit is significantly less than the corresponding values for mesoporous carbon black with a low S value, which indicates the presence of a large number of small pores inaccessible to additive molecules. The convex shape of the isotherms for these carbon black samples is explained by the fact that the filling of micropores begins already in the region of low concentrations by volumetric filling without capillary condensation and the plateau on the isotherms corresponds to the completion of this process. The maximum value of adsorption is determined by the available volume of the porous space of the sorbent.